After making his central point about war being the extension of politics, Carl von Clausewitz taught that there are two aspects of war—the material side and the metaphysical side, or “will.” The material side can be counted or estimated—numbers of soldiers, weapons, resources available, and even factors such as time and distance But like Su

We have examples of influence by deed, by speech, and visually by film. Whether using sweet potatoes or newsreels, an impact was made having tangible consequences and contributing in some way to the war effort of its time. Yet not a single shot was fired in any of the three Perhaps in an age of artificial intelligence and weapons of high technology

Marshall asked legendary producer-director Frank Capra to make a series of films for Americans explaining to every citizen why the nation, however reluctantly, had to defeat global fascism. With Marshall’s full support, Capra produced the “Why We Fight” series. Using newsreels—including German and Japanese footage—Capra’s work achieved